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- OD(1L) Misc. Reference Manual Pages OD(1L)
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- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- od - dump files in octal and other formats
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- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- oooodddd [-abcdfhiloxv] [-s[bytes]] [-w[bytes]] [-A radix] [ - j
- bytes] [-N bytes] [-t type] [--skip-bytes=bytes] [--address-
- radix=radix] [--read-bytes=bytes] [--format=type] [--output-
- duplicates] [--strings[=bytes]] [--width[=bytes]] [--tradi-
- tional] [--help] [--version] [file...]
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- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- This manual page documents the GNU version of oooodddd. oooodddd writes
- to the standard output the contents of the given files, or
- of the standard input if the name `-' is given. Each line
- of the output consists of the offset in the input file in
- the leftmost column of each line, followed by one or more
- columns of data from the file, in a format controlled by the
- options. By default, oooodddd prints the file offsets in octal
- and the file data as two-byte octal numbers.
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- OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
- -_A, --_a_d_d_r_e_s_s-_r_a_d_i_x=_r_a_d_i_x
- Select the base in which file offsets are printed.
- _r_a_d_i_x can be one of the following:
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- d decimal
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- o octal
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- x hexadecimal
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- n none (do not print offsets)
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- The default is octal.
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- -_j, --_s_k_i_p-_b_y_t_e_s=_b_y_t_e_s
- Skip _b_y_t_e_s input bytes before formatting and writing.
- If bbbbyyyytttteeeessss begins with `0x' or `0X', it is interpreted in
- hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins with `0', in
- octal; otherwise, in decimal. Appending `b' multiplies
- it by 512, `k' by 1024, and `m' by 1048576.
-
- -_N, --_r_e_a_d-_b_y_t_e_s=_b_y_t_e_s
- Only output up to _b_y_t_e_s bytes of each input file. Any
- prefixes and suffixes on bbbbyyyytttteeeessss are interpreted as for
- the -_j option.
-
- -_t, --_f_o_r_m_a_t=_t_y_p_e
- Select the format in which to output the file data.
- _t_y_p_e is a string of one or more of the below type indi-
- cator characters. If you include more than one type
- indicator character in a single _t_y_p_e string or use this
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- option more than once, oooodddd writes one copy of each out-
- put line using each of the data types that you speci-
- fied, in the order that you specified.
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- a named character
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- c ASCII character or backslash escape
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- d signed decimal
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- f floating point
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- o octal
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- u unsigned decimal
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- x hexadecimal
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- Except for types `a' and `c', you can specify the number of
- bytes to use in interpreting each number in the given data
- type by following the type indicator character with a
- decimal integer. Alternately, you can specify the size of
- one of the C compiler's built-in data types by following the
- type indicator character with one of the following charac-
- ters. For integers (d, o, u, x):
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- C char
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- S short
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- I int
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- L long
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- For floating point (f):
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- F float
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- D double
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- L long double
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- -_v, --_o_u_t_p_u_t-_d_u_p_l_i_c_a_t_e_s
- Output consecutive lines that are identical. By
- default, when two or more consecutive output lines
- would be equal, oooodddd outputs only the first line, and
- puts just an asterisk on the following line to indicate
- that identical lines have been elided.
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- -_s, --_s_t_r_i_n_g_s[=_b_y_t_e_s]
- Instead of the normal output, output only string con-
- stants in the input, which are a run of at least _b_y_t_e_s
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- ASCII graphic (or formatting) characters, terminated by
- a NUL. If _b_y_t_e_s is omitted, it defaults to 3.
-
- -_w, --_w_i_d_t_h[=_b_y_t_e_s]
- The number of input bytes to format per output line.
- It must be a multiple of the least common multiple of
- the sizes associated with the specified output types.
- If _b_y_t_e_s is omitted, it defaults to 32. If this option
- is not given, it defaults to 16.
-
- --_h_e_l_p
- Print a usage message and exit with a non-zero status.
-
- --_v_e_r_s_i_o_n
- Print version information on standard output then exit.
-
- The next several options map the old, pre-POSIX format
- specification options to the corresponding POSIX format
- specs. GNU oooodddd accepts any combination of old- and new-style
- options. Format specification options accumulate.
-
- -_a Output as named characters. Equivalent to -_t _a.
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- -_b Output as octal bytes. Equivalent to -_t _o_C.
-
- -_c Output as ASCII characters or backslash escapes.
- Equivalent to -_t _c.
-
- -_d Output as unsigned decimal shorts. Equivalent to - _t
- _u_2.
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- -_f Output as floats. Equivalent to -_t _f_F.
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- -_h Output as hexadecimal shorts. Equivalent to -_t _x_2.
-
- -_i Output as decimal shorts. Equivalent to -_t _d_2.
-
- -_l Output as decimal longs. Equivalent to -_t _d_4.
-
- -_o Output as octal shorts. Equivalent to -_t _o_2.
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- -_x Output as hexadecimal shorts. Equivalent to -_t _x_2.
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- --_t_r_a_d_i_t_i_o_n_a_l
- Recognize the pre-POSIX non-option arguments that some
- older versions of od accepted. The following syntax
- oooodddd - - traditional [file] [[+]offset[.][b]
- [[+]label[.][b]]]
- can be used to specify at most one file and optional
- arguments specifying an offset and a pseudo-start
- address, _l_a_b_e_l. By default, _o_f_f_s_e_t is interpreted as
- an octal number specifying how many input bytes to skip
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- before formatting and writing. The optional trailing
- decimal point forces the interpretation of _o_f_f_s_e_t as a
- decimal number. If no decimal is specified and the
- offset begins with `0x' or `0x' it is interpreted as a
- hexadecimal number. If there is a trailing `b', the
- number of bytes skipped will be _o_f_f_s_e_t multiplied by
- 512. The label argument is interpreted just like
- offset, but it specifies an initial pseudo-address.
- The pseudo addresses are displayed in parentheses fol-
- lowing any normal address.
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